Manufacturing is the transformation of raw materials into finished goods for sale, or intermediate processes involving the production or finishing of semi-manufactures. It is a large branch of industry and of secondary production.

Although handicraft production has been with us for many millennia, modern-style manufacturing is generally regarded as beginning around 1780 with the British Industrial Revolution, spreading thereafter to Continental Europe and North America, and subsequently around the world.

While it remains a huge part of the modern world economy - perhaps a quarter of aggregate world production of goods and services - many of the world's wealthier nations devote an ever smaller proportion of their workforce to manufacturing activity owing to relocation of enterprises to lower-wage countries and the rising proportion of economic activity devoted to service activity.

Manufacturing Topics

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Taxonomy of manufacturing processes

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#Casting and molding ##Casting ###Sand ###Plastic mold ###Shell mold ###Investment (lost wax, precision) ###Permanent mold ###Centrifugal ###Die ###Slush or slurry ###Full mold ###Low pressure ###Continuous Molding ##Molding ###Powder metallurgy ####Compaction plus sintering ###Plastics ####Injection ####Compression ####Transfer ####Extrusion ####Blow ####Rotational ####Thermoforming ####Laminating ####Expandable bead ####Foam ####Rotomolding ####Vacuum plug assist ####Pressure plug assist ####Matched mold #Deformation (forming and shearing) ##Forming ###Forging ####Smith ####Hammer ####Drop ####Press ####Impact (see also extrusion) ####Upset ####No draft ####High-energy-rate ####Cored ####Incremental ####Powder ###Rolling ####Shape ####Ring ####Transverse ####Orbital ####Cross-rolling ####Thread ###Stretching (expanding) ###Drawing (shrinking) of wire bar or tube ####Embossing ####Coining ####Stamping ####Sizing ####Redrawing ####Bulging ####Necking ####Nosing ####Ironing ###Deep drawing ###Swaging ###Extrusion ###Spinning ###Bending ###Miscellaneous other ####Peening ####Guerin process ####Wheelon process ####Magnetic pulse ####Explosive ####Electroforming ####Staking ####Seaming ####Flanging ####Straightening ##Shearing ###Line shearing (slitting) ###Blanking ###Piercing or punching ###Follow-up on #2 and #3 ####Trimming ####Shaving ####Notching ####Perforating ####Nibling ####Dinking ####Lancing ####Cutoff ##Pulverizing ###Crushing ####Jaw crusher ####Gyratory crusher ####Rollers ####Edge runner ####Hammer mill ###Grinding ####Ball mill ####Buhrstone mill ###Atomization ###Centrifugal disintegration #Machining (material removal) ##Milling ###Peripheral (slab) ###Face ###Chemical ##Turning ###Facing ###Boring ###Spinning (flow turning) ###Knurling ###Cutoff (parting) ##Drilling ###Reaming ###Countersinking ###Tapping ##Sawing ###Filing ##Broaching ##Shaping ###Horizontal ###Vertical ###Special purpose ##Planing ###Double housing ###Open-side ###Edge or plate ###Pit-type ##Grinding (abrasive machining) ###Abrasive jet machining ###Honing ###Lapping ###Superfinishing ###Barrel finishing ###Vibratory finishing ###Spindle finishing ###Abrasive belt ###Polishing ###Buffing ###Burnishing ###Grit- or shot-blasting ###Tumbling ###Wire brushing ###Electropolishing ###Electro-chemical grinding ##Routing ##Hobbing (hubbing) ##Ultrasonic ##Electrical discharge ##Electron beam ##Electrochemical ##Chemical ##Photochemical ##Laser beam #Joining ##Welding ###Arc ####Shielded metal ####Gas metal #####Pulsed #####Short circuit #####Electrogas #####Spray transfer ####Gas tungsten ####Flux-cored ####Submerged ####Plasma arc ####Carbon arc ####Stud ####Electroslag ####Atomic hydrogen ####Plasma-MIG (metal inert gas) ####Impregnated tape ###Oxyfuel gas ####Oxyacetylene gas ####Methylacetylene propadiene (MAPP) ####Air-acetylene ####Oxyhydrogen ####Pressure gas #####CO₂ ###Resistance ####Spot ####Projection ####Seam ####Flash butt (flash) ####Upset(butt) ####Percussion ###Solid state ####Ultrasonic ####Explosive ####Diffusion #####Hot press #####Isostatic hot gas #####Vacuum furnace ####Friction ####Inertia ####Forge ####Cold ####Roll ###Electron beam ###Laser beam ####Solid-state ####Axial-flow gas ####Cross-flow gas ###Thermite ###Induction ####Low frequency (50-450 Hz) ####High frequency (induction resistance; 200-450 kHz) #### ###High frequency resistance ###Electromagnetic ###Flow ##Brazing ###Torch ###Induction ###Furnace ###Dip ###Resistance ###Infrared ###Vacuum ##Soldering ###Iron ###Resistance ###Hot plate ###Oven ###Induction ###Dip ###Wave ###Ultrasonic ##Sintering (of powdered metals) ##Adhesive bonding (incomplete) ###Thermo-setting and thermoplastic ####Epoxy ####Modified epoxy ####Phenolics ####Polyurethane ###Adhesive alloys ###Miscellaneous other powders, liquids, solids, and tapes ##Metal fasteners ###Screws ###Nuts and bolts ###Rivets ###Pins ####Cotter ####Groove ####Tapered ####Roll ###Retaining rings ###Quick-release ##Stitching ##Stapling ##Shrink fitting ##Press fitting ##Plastic ###Hot-air-welding ###Friction ###Heated metal plate ###Solvent ###Dielectric ###Magnetic ###Ultrasonic ###Radio frequency welding

Manufacturing Systems

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• Craft system
• English system of manufacturing
• American System of manufacturing
• Soviet collectivism in manufacturing
• Mass production
• Just in time manufacturing
• Lean manufacturing
• Flexible manufacturing
• Mass customization
• Agile manufacturing

Theories

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• Taylorism
• Fordism
• Scientific management

Control

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• Management
  • List of management topics

• Quality control

Manufacturing Engineering

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• Industrial and manufacturing engineering
• Computer-aided manufacturing
• Computer integrated manufacturing
• Numerically controlled
• Computer numerically controlled
• Distributed Control Systems
• Fieldbus control systems
• Programmable logic controllers

Assembly Systems

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• Assembly line
• Industrial robot

Design

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• Rapid prototyping
• Computer aided design
• New product development

Others

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• Primary industry
• Factory
• Distributor
• Warehouse
• Wholesaler
• Retailer
• Consumer

Lists of related topics

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• list of engineering topics
• list of management topics
• list of production topics
• list of marketing topics
• list of economics topics
• list of international trade topics
• list of finance topics
• list of accounting topics
• list of information technology management topics
• list of business law topics
• list of human resource management topics
• list of business theorists
• list of economists
• list of corporate leaders

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